Impact crusher, also known as a sand-making machine, is a mechanical equipment that achieves efficient material crushing based on the “stone-on-stone” principle. Its core working process can be divided into three stages:
Analysis of the Working Principle of Impact Crusher
Stage 1: Material Acceleration and Projection
Materials enter the distributor through the feed hopper and are divided into two streams: one stream enters the interior of a rapidly rotating impeller via the central feed tube. And is accelerated to a linear velocity of 60-75 meters per second under centrifugal force; the other stream naturally falls along the periphery of the distributor. The impeller is made of special wear-resistant materials and features evenly distributed emission channels to ensure uniform material acceleration.
Stage 2: Multi-stage Impact Crushing
The accelerated materials are ejected from the impeller channels and first undergo high-speed collisions. With the naturally falling materials, completing primary crushing. The collided materials form a vortex motion. And impact against the material lining on the inner wall of the vortex crushing chamber, achieving secondary crushing through rebound. Some materials circulate repeatedly within the chamber, forming a closed-circuit crushing system until the target particle size is reached.
Stage 3: Self-lining Protection and Discharge
During the crushing process, materials form a dynamic material lining within the vortex chamber. Effectively isolating metal components from direct contact with the materials and significantly reducing wear on wear-resistant parts. Qualified materials are discharged through the lower discharge port, with the final particle size distribution controlled by auxiliary screening equipment.
This technology achieves crushing through mutual impact between materials, offering advantages such as low energy consumption, excellent particle shape, and minimal wear. It is widely applied in fields including construction aggregates, artificial sand production, and processing of high-hardness materials.
